土壤水肥气热耦合对温室辣椒光合作用和产量的影响

Impact of Water-Fertilizer-Air-Heat Coupling on Photosynthetic and Yield of Pepper in Greenhouse

【目的】探究日光温室条件下土壤水肥气热耦合对辣椒生长、光合与产量的影响规律。【方法】通过4因素3水平正交试验,利用极差分析和方差分析,研究了水肥气热影响主次顺序、显著性、各因素影响趋势及最优组合。【结果】4因素影响产量的顺序为灌水定额>施肥定额>溶解氧>地热管水温;灌水定额影响极显著,施肥定额影响显著,溶解氧和地热管水温影响不显著。综合水、肥、气、热4因素耦合对辣椒光合和产量的影响,这种组合模式下辣椒产量最高,达58 597.40 kg/hm^2。最优处理比对照CK增产45.17%。【结论】确定因素最优水平组合为:灌水定额210 m^3/hm^2、施肥定额75 kg/hm^2、溶解氧7.5 mg/L、地热管水温37℃,总灌水次数36次。

【Objective】The aim is to explore the effects of water, fertilizer, air and heat coupling in soil on growth,photosynthesis and yield of pepper under solar greenhouse conditions.【Method】Under the condition of non-cultivated solar greenhouse, through the four factors and three levels orthogonal test, according to the results of range and variance analysis, we have produced the order of influence of four factors, the significance, the influence trend of each factor and the optimal combination. And, irrigation quota has a significant impact on many indicators, and it is the main factor.【Result】The results of yield analysis are as follows: the order of four factors is irrigation quota > fertilization quota > dissolved oxygen > water temperature of geothermal pipe;the effect of irrigation quota is very significant, fertilization quota is significant, and dissolved oxygen and geothermal pipe water temperature is not significant.【Conclusion】Combining the influence of irrigation quota, fertilizer quota, dissolved oxygen and water temperature of geothermal pipe on Photosynthesis and yield of pepper, the optimum level combination was determined to be A3 B2 C1 D3, and irrigation quota is 210 m^3/hm^2, fertilizer quota is 75 kg/hm^2,dissolved oxygen is 7.5 mg/L, and water temperature of geothermal pipe is 37 ℃. The total irrigation times were36, and the irrigation quota was 7 560 m^3/hm^2. The yield of pepper was the highest under this combination mode,reaching 58 597.40 kg/hm^2. The yield of the optimum treatment increased by 45.17% compared with the control treatment. The coupling regulation of water, fertilizer, air and heat in soil can provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving quality and efficiency of greenhouse vegetables and precise water-saving irrigation.