生物炭对苏打盐碱稻田土壤养分及产量的影响

Amending Soda Saline-alkali Paddy Soil with Biochar Improves Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield

【目的】探明生物炭对苏打盐碱稻田土壤养分和水稻产量的影响。【方法】于2017—2018年在吉林省白城市舍力镇设置连续2 a的定位试验。以长白9水稻品种为供试材料,采用随机区组设计,设0 t/hm^2(C0)、33.75 t/hm^2(C1)、67.5 t/hm^2(C2)、101.25 t/hm^2(C3)4个生物炭处理,分析了施用生物炭后苏打盐碱地稻田土壤养分、稻谷产量及其构成因子的变化。【结果】苏打盐碱稻田土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质的量均随着生物炭的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),但显著降低了土壤碱解氮、铵态氮的量(P<0.05)。施用生物炭显著提高了水稻生物产量和收获指数,生物炭处理(C1、C2、C3处理)水稻生物产量2个试验年度的均值平均增加48.35%、52.09%、57.47%,收获指数表现为C2处理>C1处理>C3处理>C0处理。添加生物炭显著提高了稻谷产量,其中穗数、千粒质量、结实率的增加是主要原因。【结论】施用生物炭可显著提高苏打盐碱稻田土壤养分,改善土壤养分状况,提高水稻产量。

【Objective】One challenge facing rice growers in soda saline-alkali soil is poor soil nutrients and low yield. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on effectiveness of using biochar to ameliorate these constraints.【Method】A two-year experiment(2017-2018) was conducted at Sheli Town in Baicheng City,Jilin Province;we used the variety of Changbai 9 as the model plant. The soil was amended with biochar at four levels: 0 t/hm^2(CK), 33.75 t/hm^2(C1), 67.5 t/hm^2(C2) and 101.25 t/hm^2(C3). For each treatment, we measured nutrients in 0~20 cm soil, as well as rice yield.【Result】Amending the soda saline-alkaline soil with biochar significantly increased total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter(P<0.05), yet significantly reduced soil alkaline nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents in the top 0~20 cm soil. Compared to CK, C1, C2 and C3 also significantly increased rice yield and the harvest indices by 48.35%, 52.09% and 57.47%respectively;they also improved the panicle number, 1000-grain weight and seed establishing rate.【Conclusion】Amendment of the soda saline-alkali soil with biochar can improve soil nutrients, thereby increasing yield.