山东省水产种质资源保护利用与修复技术及促进对策

Protection,Utilization,Recovery and Promoting Countermeasures of Germplasm Resources of Fisheries in Shandong Province

水产种质资源是生物种质资源和人类食品的重要组成部分,是水产业发展的重要物质基础,合理保护和科学利用水产种资源是维持生物多样性和渔业经济可持续发展的重要保障。本文阐述了山东省种质资源面临的由于过度捕捞、生存环境恶化以及栖息地缩小及外来生物入侵等原因而带来的生物资源数量锐减、种质退化、遗传多样性降低、抗逆性差等问题。同时陈述了种质资源保护保存、鉴定评价、创制利用等的技术进展,认为对重要特色种质资源的高水平收集保存、对种质资源进行精准鉴定和建立完善的种质资源修复技术体系是提高种质资源存活率和遗传稳定的保存关键。

Germplasm resources of fish are an important part of biological germplasm resources and human food. Fully protecting and scientifically utilizing germplasm resources of fish is an important guarantee for biodiversity,fishery resources and sustainable socio-economic development. This paper focuses on the problems of overfishing,deterioration of living environment and habitat reduction in germplasm resources in Shandong Province,and proposes protection and utilization measures for establishing germplasm resources conservation areas,germplasm conservation and aquaculture. This paper briefly introduces the methods of germplasm resources of fish based on morphology,isozyme protein electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting and evaluation of aquatic germplasm resources.