冬奥会竞技强国竞争力演变规律及启示

The Evolution Law of the Competitive Power of the Competitive Strength in the Winter Olympic Games and Its Enlightenment

冬奥会金牌从第一届冬奥会至2018年以来在世界分布极其不均匀,差异性较大。通过文献资料法对冬季奥运会各国竞争力历史演变进行了分析,并对其演变规律进行了归纳总结,分为三个阶段。发现其得天独厚的地理因素,历史悠久的民族文化以及科学合理的管理体制是冬奥会竞技体育强国的共同特征。提出建造更多专业的滑雪场以及速滑馆,加强体教结合培养优秀运动员,跨项目选材打通后备人才培养渠道等建议。旨在完善国内冰雪运动赛事,调动社会参与冰雪项目的积极性,以北京冬奥会为契机促进冰雪运动在我国的发展。

The gold medal of the Winter Olympic Games has been extremely uneven in the world since the first Winter Olympic Games and until 2018 ,and the difference is great. Through the literature method, this paper analyzes the historical evolution of the competitiveness of the countries in the Winter Olympic Games, and summarizes its evolution law into three stages. It finds its unique geographical factors, a long history of national culture and a scientific and rational management system is the common features of the Winter Olympics competitive sports powers. It is proposed to build more professional ski facility and speed skating rinks, strengthen the combination of physical education and training to train excellent athletes, and open up the reserve talent training channels through Cross-sports selection. The aim is to improve the domestic ice and snow sports events and mobilize the enthusiasm of the society to participate in the snow and ice sports. With the Beijing Winter Olympics is an opportunity to promote the development of ice and snow in China.