北京冬奥会背景下冰雪运动项目“跨项跨界”选材的研究

Study on Selection of Ice and Snow Events “Cross-Event and Cross-Border” in the Context of Preparing for Beijing Winter Olympic Games

备战2022年冬奥会的“跨项跨界”选拔冰雪运动项目后备人才可以说是中国竞技体育体制的一次重大革新,针对我国冰雪运动起步晚、后备人才不足这一基本国情,正确认识、把握“跨项跨界”选材的学理依据成为开展好这项工作的要点。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、案例分析法等研究方法对我国冰雪运动项目“跨项跨界”选材的现状进行分析,认为政策导向和落实情况、遗传、年龄、心理、生理生化机能,以及思想品质因素等是影响“跨项跨界”的社会与个体因素。提出“跨项跨界”选材来源于具有同项群训练基础的运动项目,体能主导项目可“跨项”速度滑冰、高山滑雪、钢架雪车等;技能主导类表现难美性项目与杂技可“跨项跨界”花样滑冰、自由式滑雪等;技能主导类同场竞技项目可“跨项”冰球和冰壶等,为冰雪运动项目“跨项跨界”选材的实行提供理论参考依据。

Preparing for the "cross-term cross-border" of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Selecting the reserve talent for the icesnow sports project can be said to be a major innovation in China's competitive sports system. It is a correct understanding of the basic national conditions of China's snow sports and the lack of reserve talents. Grasping the academic basis of the selection of **cross-term cross-bordern has become the main point of doing this work well. Using literature research methods, logic analysis methods, case analysis methods and other research methods to analyze the current situation of China's ice and snow spoils project " cross-border cross-border" seleclion, considering policy orientation and implemenlalion, genetic, age, psychologi( al,physiological and biochemical functions, and Thought quality factors are social and individual factors that affect "cross-term cross-border". It is proposed that the **cross-term cross-border" selection materials are derived from sports projects with the same group training foundation. The physical-oriented projects can "cross-item" speed skating,alpine skiing, steel snowmobiles, etc.;skill-based performances are difficult to be beautiful projects and acrobatics It can be used for ucross-border cross-bordern figure skating,freestyle skiing,etc.;skill-based class competitions can "cross-item" ice hockey and curling,etc.,providing theoretical reference for the implementation of "cross-border cross-border" selection of ice-snow sports projects.