马克思对资本逻辑的批判及当代启示

Marx’s Criticism on Capital Logic and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

马克思对现代社会的剖析以对资本逻辑的批判为核心。马克思以资本积累及其方式的演变为轴心,对资本逻辑进行了深刻剖析与批判。资本积累方式的演变主要表现为外部化、集中化、全球化和虚拟化,对资本逻辑的批判相应表现为对资本投机性、垄断、资本全球扩张与金融危机的批判。对资本历史作用的肯定、对资本主义生产关系的批判以及对人的自由全面发展的追求构成了马克思批判资本逻辑的前提、实质与终极目标。认清马克思批判资本逻辑的内在逻辑,有助于批判"资本万能论""资本退出论"等错误思想,转而通过培育资本的伦理精神,健全资本管控机制,形成政府、社会与市场的良性互动格局等方式实现资本的经济属性与社会民生性的有机统一。

Marx’s analysis of modern society is centered on the criticism of capital logic. Marx analyzed and criticized the logic of capital with the development of capital accumulation and its mode as the axis. The evolution of capital accumulation is mainly manifested in externalization,centralization,globalization and virtualization. Correspondingly,the criticism of capital logic is manifested in the criticism of capital speculation,monopoly,global capital expansion and financial crisis. The affirmation of the historical role of capital,the criticism of capitalist production relations and the pursuit of the free and all-round development of human beings constitute the premise,essence and ultimate goal of Marx’s criticism of capital logic. Understanding the inherent logic of Marx’s critique of capital logic will help to criticize such wrong ideas as"capital omnipotence theory"and"capital withdrawal theory",and to realize the organic unity of the economic attribute of capital and the people’s livelihood by cultivating the ethical spirit of capital,improving the mechanism of capital control,and forming a benign interactive pattern between government,society and market.