新《食品安全法》中行政处罚纠纷的化解向度

Dimension of resolving administrative punishment disputes in the new 《Food Safety Law》

新《食品安全法》关于行政处罚的规定实现了被处罚主体从个体为主向法人为主的转变,处罚力度加重和同一违法行为的被处罚对象增加等层面的转变,是导致之前不存在的诸多行政处罚纠纷产生的制度动因。而在食品安全行政处罚实践中,行政监管部门滥用自由裁量权的可能性增大,行政处罚缺乏可操作性的细则标准、缺乏科学统一的听证程序等则可能是导致行政处罚纠纷产生的实践机理。为从源头上有效遏制和化解行政处罚纠纷,可从构建行政处罚决定过程公开制度,制定食品安全行政处罚实施细则,以及建立科学规范的行政处罚听证程序等维度,推进食品法治体系的完善和治理能力的现代化,进而提升食品安全监管的效能。

The provisions of the new Food Safety Law on administrative penalty have changed from individual-oriented to legal person-oriented,the intensity of punishment has increased and the number of punished objects for the same illegal act has increased,which is the institutional motivation for many administrative penalty disputes that did not exist before.In the practice of administrative penalties for food safety,the increasing possibility of abusing discretion by administrative supervision departments,the lack of operational rules and standards for administrative penalties,and the lack of scientific and unified hearing procedures are the practical mechanisms that may lead to administrative penalty disputes.Therefore,in order to effectively curb and resolve administrative penalty disputes from the source,we can promote the improvement of the food legal system and the modernization of the governance capacity from the dimensions of establishing an open system of administrative penalty decision-making process,formulating rules for the implementation of administrative penalties for food safety and establishing a scientific and standardized hearing procedure for administrative penalties,so as to enhance the effectiveness of food safety supervision.