浙江省成年女性二手烟暴露情况及其相关危害认知调查

Survey on passive smoking exposure and awareness on relative risks among adult women in Zhejiang Province

目的了解浙江省15岁以上女性二手烟暴露情况以及对二手烟相关危害知晓水平,为制定控烟政策和干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对浙江省13050名15岁以上居民进行问卷调查,共计10416份有效问卷,其中5256份女性问卷用于分析。根据2010年第六次普查人口对样本进行复杂加权后,分析浙江省15岁以上女性二手烟暴露情况及相关疾病的知晓率。结果浙江省15岁以上女性二手烟暴露率为62.03%(95%CI:58.45%~65.48%),其中35~44岁年龄组、高中文化程度者、企业/商业/服务业工作人员的二手烟暴露率最高。对二手烟引起的3种疾病知晓率为34.06%(95%CI:29.48%~38.95%),城市女性居民(22.43%,95%CI:17.69%~28.02%)高于农村女性居民(11.62%,95%CI:8.30%~16.05%)。对“二手烟导致心脏病”的知晓率(35.96%,95%CI:31.34%~40.86%)远低于对“二手烟导致成年人肺癌”(71.30%,95%CI:68.26%~74.15%)或儿童心脏疾病(68.06%,95%CI:69.26%~74.15%)的知晓率。结论浙江省15岁以上女性居民二手烟暴露情况较高,对二手烟暴露导致的疾病尤其是心脏病知晓率较低。

Objective To describe the status of passive smoking exposure and awareness on relative risks among female residents in Zhejiang Province in 2017. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out among 13 050 female residents aged 15 and above in Zhejiang Province by using multistage stratified sampling method. 10 416 eligible subjects were selected. After comprehensive weighting of the sample according to 6th population census in 2010, the level of exposure to passive smoking among female residents and their awareness rate of related risks were analyzed. Results The exposure level of passive smoking among female residents in Zhejiang Province was 62. 03%(95% CI: 58. 45%- 65. 48%). The exposure levels in groups aged 35 -44 years old, having senior high school education, and engaging in business/commercial occupation were highest, respectively. The awareness rate of three related diseases caused by passive smoking was 34. 06%(95% CI: 29. 48%- 38. 95%), and the rate in urban area ( 22. 43%, 95% CI: 17. 69%- 28. 02%) was higher rate than that in rural area ( 11.62%, 95% CI:8.30%- 16. 05%). The awareness rate about heart disease (35.96%, 95% CI:31. 34%- 40. 86%) was lower than about adult lung cancer (71. 30%, 95% CI: 68. 26%- 74. 15%) or chiklren pulmonary disease (68. 06%, 95% CI: 69. 26%- 74. 15%). Conclusion The exposure level of passive smoking among female residents aged 15 and above in Zhejiang Province is relatively high, and the awareness rate of related disease needs to be improved, especially for that of the heart disease.