环境侵权引入惩罚性赔偿的探讨——以(2016)甘民终1号判决为引入

The Introduction of Punitive Damages in Environmental Tort --Acase Study of(2016) Gan Civil Final No. 1 Judgment

环境侵权诉讼的特殊性导致补偿性赔偿原则难以真正填补被侵权人的损害,在(2016)甘民终1号判决书中,被侵权人虽已尽举证义务,但所获赔偿仍与实际损失相差甚远。环境污染的加剧要求法律的介入,《民法总则》强调“绿色原则”,但实践中仅凭行政力量尚不足以实现《民法总则》和《环境保护法》保护环境的立法目的,因此在民法典侵权责任编引入公共利益的私力执行途径就有其必要。对环境与经济关系认识的改变消除了对环境侵权苛以高额赔偿的最大障碍,环境侵权行为符合惩罚性赔偿的适用条件,赔偿金的计算可以被侵权人能够证明的全部损失为基准,并考虑侵权人需要支付的罚金数额进行调整,赔偿金应全部分配给被侵权人。

Compensation damage system can not truly fill the damage of the victim because of the particularity of environmental tort action. In (2016) Gan Civ? il Case No. 1 Final Judgment,the victim had performed the duty of providing evidences ,but the gap between the actual losses and the compensation the victim ceived was still wide. The aggravation of environmental pollution requires legal in tervention. The General principles of Civil Law emphasizes on the principle of environmental protection, but in practice, only relying on the executive power is not enough to achieve the legislative purpose to protect the environment in the General principles of Civil Law and the Environmental Protection Law, so it is necessary to introduce the executive approaches of the private force for the public interest into the tort responsibility charter in the Civil Law. The change of the understanding about the relationship between the environment and economy eliminates the biggest obstacle to impose high compensation on environmental tort, and the environmental tort accords with the applicable conditions of punitive damages, so that all compensation can be calculated on the basis of all losses which can be proved by the victim and adjusted by considering the amount of the fine which the infringer need to pay, and the compensation should be all allocated to the victim.