基于多目标模型的城市公交越站调度研究

Scheduling Research on Urban Bus Stop-skipping Based on Multi-Objective Model

作为优先发展的交通方式,公共交通以其运量大、运输成本低和节能环保的优势广受青睐。然而,准点率低、乘客候车时间及运输时间过长等问题使其对于乘客的吸引力难以提高。因此,为优化公交调度、降低公交系统运营成本、提升服务水平和工作效率,对平峰时段单向行驶的某一线路公交车的停靠与越站优化问题进行研究。以公交车是否在站台停靠为决策变量,建立了以最小化停靠成本、乘客在站候车时间、被越站站点的乘客额外候车时间及车辆在站停靠时间为目标的城市公交越站调度的多目标优化模型,在MATLAB软件中使用改进的遗传算法进行求解,选取了广州市126路公交为实例进行计算以验证方法可行性,并进行了各目标权重的灵敏度分析。最终得到的公交越站调度方案可达到10%的优化效果,且最大权重目标为乘客站点候车时间。故该模型具有一定实用性和可操作性。

As a priority mode of transportation,public transit is widely acclaimed for its advantages of large transportation volume,low transportation cost and energy saving and environmental friendly.However,problems such as low punctuality rate,long waiting time for passengers and long transit time make it less attractive to passengers.Thus,in order to optimize bus scheduling,reduce bus system operating costs and improve public transport services,the problem of bus over-station optimization for one-way line operation during the off-peak time is studied.In this paper,based on whether the bus stops at the platform as a decision variable,a multi-objective optimization model with minimizing docking cost,passenger waiting time at all stations,the extra waiting time at skipped stations,and vehicle stop time are established.The genetic algorithm is operated by MATLAB software,to conduct the case study with No.126 bus in Guangzhou,and the sensitivity analysis is performed.The 10% optimization effect can be achieved with the final bus over-station scheduling plan,and the maximum weight target is the passenger waiting time at stations.Thus the model has a certain practicability and operability.