立法与司法的互动:地方性法规司法适用研究

Interaction between Legislation and Judicature:On the Application of Local Regulations

作为我国重要的法律渊源之一,地方性法规不仅数量繁多、类别复杂,而且因其直接贴近地情和民情,关乎公民的权利和义务,故而在地方性事务的管理中发挥着不可替代的作用。当前,我国地方性法规的司法适用存在“立法遗留之难”与“实践存在之难”。在“立法遗留之难”中,“无法适用”的先天不足和“难以适用”的后天缺陷,使得“纸面上的法”与“行动上的法”存在某种程度上的相互背离甚至对立。在“实践存在之难”中,围绕着地方性法规的司法适用,立法与司法展开了生动的互动。在“两难”处境中的法官通过其策略与技术的实践,缓和矛盾冲突,回避司法风险。基于国情、社情等多种因素的考量,我国不宜简单照抄照搬“西方分权制衡”原理,走通过司法权规制立法权的老路。现阶段,我们应以审慎的态度,采取稳妥的进路,在地方性法规司法适用中,属于立法领域的问题应通过立法途径解决,属于司法领域的问题应通过司法途径解决。

As one of the most important legal sources of China and an essential part of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, local regulations, the role of which is irreplaceable in the areas of local economics and society, are not only in a large quantity and complicated with various kinds, but also have a close connection with local situations and citizens rights and obligations. Currently, the Application of local regulations in China, more or less, faces the leftover problems in legislation and practice problems. On one hand, in the situation of the leftover problems in legislation, Interaction between Legislation and Judicature is active, which both focus on the application of local regulations;in the other hand, in the situation of practice problems, judges in a dilemma use their strategies and techniques to deal with conflicts of laws and keep away from jurisdiction risk. In consideration of the situation of the country and the society, it is not proper to apply laws transpiration theory of separation of powers and checks and balances to our practice directly with an old path. We should take steps with a sound policy prudent attitude, which is, taking legislative ways to deal with legislative problems and taking judicial ways to deal with judicial problems.