近十年美国职前教师教育质量评价模式评析

A study of the American Measuring Quality Model for Initial Teacher Education Over the Last Decade

近十年来,美国在教师教育方面进行了一系列的改革,尤其是相继形成了两种不同类型的职前教师教育评价模式。第一,政府主导下的评价模式。该模式以政府政策为导向、价值为目标,将教师绩效纳入到职前教师教育评价中,更侧重职前教师价值增值的评价。第二,高校主导下的评价模式,主要以波士顿学院模式和斯坦福大学模式为代表。该模式以质量提升为导向,以培养促进社会公平的教师为目标,更侧重职前教师教学实践的评价。这两种职前教师教育质量评价模式互为补充、相得益彰,极大地促进了美国职前教师教育的发展。

In the past decade, America has carried out a series of reforms in teacher education, which successfully lead to the formation of two different types of measuring quality model for initial teachers in particular. The first type is the government-led measuring quality model. This model takes government policies as the guidance and values as the goal, and incorporates the initial teachers, performances into the evaluation, with more emphasis on the evaluation of the achievements made by initial teachers. The second type is the university-led measuring quality model, represented by Boston College and Stanford University. This qualityoriented measuring quality model aims at training teachers to promote social equity, and focuses more on the evaluation of initial teachers’ teaching practice. These two types of measuring quality model, which actively complement and enforce each other, greatly promote the development of initial teacher education in America.