质量缺陷生鲜品库存与筛选决策研究

Inventory and Screening Policy on the Fresh Items with Imperfect Quality

针对实际生产中商品出现的质量缺陷问题,在综合考虑生鲜品腐损特征及筛选过程中存在两类错误的基础上,构建了变质率服从两参数Weibull分布,缺陷率及筛选错误发生率皆为随机变量的零售商库存模型,并对筛选过程中发生的腐损成本进行了核算。随后,基于零售商平均总成本最小化视角,运用遗传算法对零售商的库存策略与筛选策略进行规划求解。最后,灵敏度分析发现,I类错误的发生概率与变质率尺度因子对零售商库存成本的影响最为显著。因此,零售商在进行生鲜库存管理时,可通过采取相关的技术投入降低I类错误的发生概率,并维系商品变质率的稳定。

In view of the quality defects of items in the actual production,on the basis of the deteriorating characteristic of fresh products and two types of errors in screening process,an inventory model of single retailer was established,in which the deteriorating rate followed the two-parameter Weibull distribution,and the proportion of defective items and the probabilities of Type I error and Type II error were all random variables.Meanwhile,the deteriorated cost during the screening process was also calculated into the inventory cost.Then the genetic algorithm was employed to get the retailer’s inventory policy and screening policy based on the perspective of minimizing the total cost of the retailer.Finally,sensitivity analysis shows that the probability of Type I error and the scale factor of the deteriorating rate have the most significant impact on inventory cost of retailers.Therefore,retailers could reduce the probability of the type I error and maintain the stability of the deteriorating rate by adopting relevant technical in the management of fresh stock.