全生命周期服务供应链牛鞭效应振荡行为分析

The Analysis on Oscillation Characteristics of Bullwhip Effect in Life Cycle Service-parts Supply Chain

为有效应对激烈竞争,大型装备制造企业纷纷为顾客提供基于核心产品的全生命周期服务:如核心零部件的维修保养、更新升级服务,这种全生命周期的管理使得传统制造供应链向服务供应链转变。有别于传统制造供应链,这种供应链由服务带动产品的需求,服务需求逐级放大导致服务能力闲置以及大量的产品库存,而制造策略不当就会导致产品故障无法及时排除,服务订单无法及时完成,引起服务质量下降,进而导致服务需求骤降。因此,测量及抑制服务供应链的能力及服务订单积压振荡行为具有重要意义。为解决上述问题,建立系统动力学模型,提出服务供应链牛鞭效应的管控策略。

To face the intense competition,large equipment manufacturers have been offering life cycle services,such as maintenance,replacement and upgrading services of core components to customers.Such tendency makes the traditional manufacturing supply chain transform to the service supply chain.Unlike the traditional manufacturing supply chain,such supply chain has some new operating characteristics:as the services demand triggers the demand of products,gradually exaggerated service demands can result in a large number of unused service capacity and inventory.At the same time,improper manufacturing strategies may also cause the unduly removal of the product breakdown,failure to finish the service order timely,thus decreasing the service quality and service demand.Therefore,it is important to measure and smooth the oscillation behaviours of service capacity and service order backlog in service supply chain.To solve the above problems,a system dynamics model was established to discuss the causes and counter-measures of the bullwhip effect.