基于保鲜努力的生鲜农产品库存和协调优化

Fresh Agricultural Products Inventory and Coordinative Optimization Based on Fresh Keeping Effort

为了探究保鲜努力水平对生鲜农产品库存和利润的影响,采用智能优化算法,分析了一个供应商和一个零售商组成的二级生鲜农产品供应链库存模型,模型中引入保鲜努力因子对量变损耗和质变损耗函数进行刻画,尤其突出二者之间的内在关联,需求上考虑价格和质变损耗率的共同影响,以利润最大化为目标寻求集中与分散两种决策模式下的最优价格与库存联合决策。随后,为实现供应链利润最大化及双方的合作双赢,引入收益共享契约对分散决策情形进行优化协调。最后,通过数值仿真,验证了模型的有效性,并进一步进行了保鲜努力和价格敏感因子等相关系统参数的灵敏度分析。结果表明:较供应商处的保鲜努力投资,零售商处努力水平的提高对供应链双方及整体利润的提升均有较为显著的影响,而价格敏感因子的增加则会使售价和利润发生大幅下降;契约参数在满足一定条件时可以实现系统利润的最大化和双方的共赢。同时,质变损耗率的降低及零售商保鲜努力敏感因子的提高都不会对协调结果产生较大影响,但均有益于系统总利润的提升。

In order to investigate the effect of fresh-keeping effort onthe inventory and profit of fresh agriculture products,the intelligentoptimization algorithm is adopted to analyze the 2-echelon freshagricultural product supply chain inventory model composed of a supplierand a retailer. Both the quantity deteriorating and the qualitydeteriorating functions affected by preservation effort factor aredescribed in the model,especially to highlight the intrinsicrelationship between them. The common influence of price and qualitydeteriorating rates is taken into account in market demand. With the aimof maximizing profit,the optimal pricing and inventory decision undermodes of centralization and decentralization is made. Then,in order tomaximize the profit of the supply chain system and win-win cooperationbetween the 2 sides,revenue sharing contract is introduced for optimalcoordination of decentralized decision-making. Finally,the validity ofthe model is verified by numerical simulation,and the sensitivityanalysis on fresh-keeping effort and price sensitive factor and otherrelated system parameters are further carried out. It is found that(1)the increase of retailer’s fresh-keeping effort has a more significantimpact on both the profits of total system and both sides of supplychain than the investment of supplier’s freshness effort,while theincrease of price sensitive factor will lead to a sharp decline inproduct price and profit;(2) to certain conditions,the contractparameters could maximize the system profit and achieve supply chainwin-win situation;(3) the reduction of the quality deteriorating rateand the increase of the retailer’s fresh-keeping sensitive factor willnot have a greater impact on the coordination result,however,all of themare conducive to the improvement of the overall profit of the supplychain system.