中国城市创新能力的时空演化及溢出效应

Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Knowledge Spillovers of Urban Innovation in China

基于我国275个地级及以上城市2008—2016年的空间面板数据,采用发明专利授权量测度城市创新能力,分析我国城市创新的时空演变特征,并以研发投入、人力资本、外商投资、对外贸易作为知识溢出的代理变量,建立空间杜宾模型,探究知识溢出对城市创新能力的影响。研究发现:城市创新能力与经济发展水平紧密相关,东部强于中西部、沿海强于内陆;城市创新能力的提升速度区域差异较大,长江中游、西南地区增速最快;知识溢出是城市创新增长的重要推动力,城市创新的全局空间自相关性不断增强,但创新溢出效应的区域差距依然明显;研发投入对本市和周边城市的创新产出都起到至关重要的促进作用;人力资本对本市有较大贡献,但对周边表现为显著负向溢出;外商投资和对外贸易对城市创新影响较小。

This paper examines characteristics of the spatial-temporal evolution of urban innovation in China from 2008 to 2016, based on the space panel data of 275 prefecture cities. Urban innovation capacity is measured by the number of invention patents certified. Using R&D investment, human capital, foreign direct investment and foreign trade as proxy variable of knowledge spillovers, this paper establishes Spatial Durbin Model to analyze the influence of knowledge spillovers on urban innovation ability in China. As the result shows,urban innovation capacity is highly correlated with economic development level. The eastern region is stronger than the central and western and the coastal area is stronger than the inland. There are large regional differences in the growth rate of urban innovation, the fastest growth rate is distributed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the southwest. Knowledge spillovers are important driving forces for urban innovation. The global spatial autocorrelation of urban innovation has been significantly enhanced from2008 to 2016, while the regional gap is still evident in knowledge spillovers. R&D investment is found to be the most crucial factor to promote the innovation output of local and neighboring cities;human capital contributes a lot to local innovation, but it is significantly negative to the surrounding areas;foreign direct investment and foreign trade has little effect on urban innovation.