水体污染造成的水体功能经济损失量核算研究——以三峡库区为例

Study on Economic Loss Accounting of Water Environmental Pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

【目的】为研究三峡库区2006-2016年水环境污染造成的经济损失量。【方法】选取易受到水环境变化影响的渔业、工业、农业、生活用水功能为主要水体功能,基于水体功能污染损失率,计算分析库区水体污染对主要水体功能造成的经济损失。【结果】1)2006-2016年三峡库区水体功能中生活用水和渔业受水环境变化的影响程度较大,农业受水体污染影响最小;各类产业损失值中,工业的功能经济损失量最大,其次是农业、生活用水、渔业。2)库区整体生产总值增长速度快于水体功能经济损失率的下降速度,导致库区水环境污染损失量在功能经济损失率下降的情况下仍逐年上升,但增加值总体呈减小的趋势。研究时间内三峡库区的年均水环境污染功能经济损失高达80亿元,约占年均GDP的2.17%,损失额年均增长值占GDP年均增加值的比重约为1.63%。3)社会经济情况对水质及水体功能经济损失影响很大,产业结构的变化直接影响库区水质变化及水体功能经济损失。主要表现为水质随第二产业占比的增加而恶化,反之好转;水体功能经济损失的增加随第二产业占比的增加而加速,反之减缓。【结论】三峡库区经济效益可以弥补库区水体功能损失,但代价非常大,长期发展应以环保建设为主。

[Purposes]To study the economic loss caused by water environment pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)from2006 to 2016.[Methods]The fishery,industry,agriculture and domestic water functions that are susceptible to changes in the water environment are selected as the main water body functions.Based on the water body function pollution loss rate,the economic losses caused by the water body pollution in the reservoir area to the main water body functions are calculated and analyzed.[Findings]The research shows that:1)From 2006 to 2016,domestic water use and fishery in the water function of the TGRA are greatly affected by changes in water environment,and the agriculture is the least affected by the water pollution.Among the various types of water functions,the industry loses the most,followed by agriculture,domestic water,and fisheries.2)The growth rate of GDP in the TGRA is faster than the decline rate of the functional economic loss rate of the water body.Due to the decline of the functional economic rate loss,the water environment pollution loss in the TGRA is still increasing year by year,but the added value is decreasing overall.During the study period,the annual economic loss of the functional water pollution in the TGRA was as high as 8 billion yuan,accounting for 2.17% of the annual GDP.The annual average growth value of the loss accounted for 1.63% of the annual GDP growth value.3)The socio-economic situation has a great impact on the economic loss of water quality and water function.The change of industrial structure directly affects the water quality change in the reservoir area and the economic loss of water body function.The main performance is that the water quality deteriorates with the increase of the proportion of the secondary industry,and vice versa;the increase of the functional economic loss of the water body accelerates with the increase of the proportion of the secondary industry,and vice versa.[Conclusions]The economic benefits of the TGRA can make up for the loss of water function,but the cost is very large.The long-term development should be based on environmental protection.