脑卒中干细胞治疗机制及临床研究进展

Stem cell therapy in stroke: mechanism and progress in clinical research

脑卒中是我国第一致死和主要致残原因,但缺乏有效的治疗手段。仅有3%~5%脑卒中患者可接受唯一的脑缺血药物组织型纤溶酶原激活剂治疗,出血性脑卒中尚无药可治。干细胞治疗的提出,为脑卒中患者提供了再生医学的治疗策略。本文基于脑卒中干细胞研究指南出发,阐述神经干细胞如人神经前体细胞系NT2/D1和人永生化神经干细胞系CTX及成体干细胞如骨髓单核细胞、间充质干细胞和多能成体干细胞在脑卒中治疗中的作用机制和临床研究进展,并进一步指出了干细胞治疗的局限性。未来,脑卒中干细胞研究可与基因编辑技术和药物治疗等相结合,提高干细胞治疗的安全性和有效性,推动脑卒中再生医学治疗研究。

Stroke is the leading cause of death and major cause of diability in China, but with few effective therapies. As few as 3%-5% of ischemic stroke patients have access to drug treatment with tissue plasminogen activators, and no drug treatment is available to patients of hemorrhagic stroke.Stem cell therapy has been proposed as a potential regenerative strategy for stroke patients. In the future, stroke stem cell research can be combined with genetic editing, 3 D and other emerging technologies or drug treatments, to promote the development of stroke stem cell regenerative medicine. Based on the guidelines for stem cell research of stroke, this review elaborates on the action mechanism and clinical reasearch of stem cells for the treatment of stroke, including neural stem cells(human neural precursor cell line NT2/D1 and human immortalized neural stem cell line CTX) and adult stem cells(bone marrow mononuclear cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and multipotent adult progenitor cells),while disclosing the limitations of stem cell therapy. In the future, stem cell research in stroke can be combined with gene editing technology and drug treatment to improve the safety and effectiveness of stem cell therapy in the hope of promoting the research of regenerative medicine for stroke.