类器官研究进展及应用

Research progress in organoids and applications

类器官是一种新型体外研究模型,由干细胞或肿瘤细胞在三维培养条件下自我组装而成。它能够高度模拟原位组织的生理结构和功能,经长期传代保持遗传信息的稳定,因此类器官在构建疾病模型、药物筛选及个体化医疗等方面具有广阔前景。目前,食道、胃、肠、肝、胰、前列腺和乳腺等结构的类器官和相应的肿瘤类器官均已面世,开拓了体外培养的新平台。本文将对类器官的类型及其在生物医学领域的应用做一综述。

An organoid is a novel in vitro model, formed by self-organization of stem cells or tumor cells under three-dimension culture. It recapitulates many aspects of structural organization and functionality of its in vivo organ counterparts and maintains the stability of genetic materials under long-term culture, thus holding great promise for modeling disease, drug screening and personalized medicine.So far, normal and tumor organoids from structures such as esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas and prostate and mammary gland have been established, providing a new culture platform in vitro. This article reviews the classification and biomedical applications of organoids.