家庭化迁移经历对代际流动性的影响

The Impact of Family Migration Experiences on Intergenerational Mobility

文章利用中国家庭追踪调查数据,检验个体随家庭迁移的经历对家庭代际流动性的影响。研究结果显示,具有家庭化迁移经历的个体代际流动性明显更强,并主要通过影响子代的努力程度和生活环境两个渠道间接完成。具体而言,随家庭迁移后的个体努力程度有显著提升,突出表现为其受教育年限和平均工作时长增加,能明显改善代际流动性;而环境因素对迁移个体代际流动性的影响既包括因普通话熟练程度提高等因素导致的正向效应,也包括因信任度受损等因素导致的抑制效应。从户籍分组看,家庭化迁移对农业户籍群体代际流动性的影响大于非农业户籍群体,侧面反映出农村未家庭化迁移群体更易陷入代际低收入传递的陷阱。鉴于家庭化迁移经历对提高代际流动性的整体正向作用,文章建议进一步改革城市落户政策,妥善安排随迁子女的教育、医疗等公共服务,提升迁移群体对迁入地的信任感,促进新型城镇化进程。

The paper examines the impact of family migration experiences on the intergenerational mobility by using CFPS data.The results show that individuals with family migration experiences have higher intergenerational mobility,which is achieved indirectly through affecting offspring’s degree of effort and their life environment.In particular,after family migration,individuals are working harder,as manifested in the increase of the years of education and average working hours,all of which have positive effects on intergenerational mobility.The impacts of environment on intergenerational mobility include not only the positive effect of Mandarin fluency,but also the negative effect from impaired trust.From the views of the hukou,the impact of family migration on migrants with agricultural hukou is greater than that on migrants with non-agricultural hukou,which reflects that individual who is living in the rural areas may be more likely to fall into the intergenerational low-income trap.The paper suggests that we should further implement preferential hukou policy on settlement,impel equalization of public services(education,healthcare),improve the migrants’trust,and accelerate the new urbanization process.