入畦单宽流量对春小麦耗水及其产量的影响研究

Effects of Unit Width Flux on Water Consumption and Yield of Spring Wheat

为了探究适合我国西北地区畦灌春小麦入畦单宽流量,于2017年3-7月在甘肃省民勤县开展大田试验。试验分析了3种入畦单宽流量[Q1、Q2、Q3分别为4.0、3.0、2.0L/(m·s)]的耗水规律、株高、干物质、产量及水分利用效率等指标。结果表明,各处理春小麦的日均耗水量呈现先增长后减小的趋势,Q2处理的灌水均匀度和施肥均匀性均高于Q1和Q3处理。3种处理的产量构成因素的差异不明显。Q2处理的产量和水分利用效率均高于Q1、Q3处理,且后2种处理间差异不显著,Q2产量达10180.1kg/hm^2,比Q3增产14.75%。综合比较Q1、Q2、Q3处理,Q2处理最有利于增产。该试验结果可作为民勤及类似环境条件地区畦灌春小麦适宜的入畦单宽流量参数。

In order to explore the feasible discharge under border irrigation of wheat in Northwest China, the field experiment was carried out. After comparing the characteristics of water consumption, plant height, dry matter, yield and water use efficiency of 3 levels of discharge, it is found that the average daily water consumption showed a tendency of increase first and then decrease. The distribution uniformity and fertilization evenness treated by Q2 [3.0 L/(m·s)] were higher than that of Q1 [4.0 L/(m·s)] and Q3 [2.0 L/(m·s)]. There was no significant difference in yield components between the 3 treatments. The yield and water use efficiency of Q2 were all higher than those of Q1 and Q3, and the difference between the latter 2 treatments was not obvious. The yield of Q2 reached 10180.1 kg/hm2, which was 15% higher than that of Q3.Comprehensively comparing of Q1, Q2 and Q3, Q2 is the best choice to increase production. The results could provide a reference to the local farmers in border irrigation of spring wheat in Northwest China and similar environmental conditions.