新型保水剂施用量对土壤水分和马铃薯生长特性的影响研究

Effects of The Application Amount of The New Water-retaining Agent on Soil Moisture and Potato Growth Characteristics

为研究“耕农抗旱宝”对柴达木地区马铃薯生长的影响,选出在其种植过程中的最佳施用量,本试验以马铃薯“青薯6号”为供试材料,以施用不同量(22.5、27、31.5kg/hm^2)“耕农抗旱宝”为试验组,以不施用“耕农抗旱宝”为对照组,在青海省香日德试验站开展田间试验。对比研究了其对马铃薯土壤含水率、不同生育期形态特征、叶绿素、脯氨酸、产量、品质等的影响。研究表明:随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水率增大,在“耕农抗旱宝”施用层,同层土壤含水率降幅表现为对照组>试验组;施用“耕农抗旱宝”可有效降低土壤容重,改善土壤孔隙结构;施用量为31.5kg/hm^2时,有利于马铃薯地上部分的积累;施用量为22.5kg/hm^2时,植株的光合效率最高;施用量为27kg/hm^2时,叶片脯氨酸含量最低;马铃薯产量和品质随“耕农抗旱宝”施用量的增加先增加后降低,当施用量为27kg/hm^2时,产量和淀粉含量最高,分别较对照组高13.2%、52.26%。综合考虑,“耕农抗旱宝”施用量取27kg/hm^2时最有利于马铃薯产量的积累和节水效益的发挥。

In order to study the effect of “Gengnong Drought-Resistant Bao” on potato growth in Chaidamu area to select the optimum application rate, by using “Qingshu 6” as the test material, using “Gengnong Drought-Resistant Bao” with different amounts (22.5, 27, 31.5 kg/hm^2) as the test group,and using free of “Gengnong Drought-Resistant Bao” as the control group, field experiments were conducted in Xiangride Test Station in Qinghai Province to study the effects on soil water content, morphological characteristics, chlorophyll, proline, yield and quality of potato. The study showed that the soil moisture content increased with the increase of soil depth;in the application layer of “Gengnong Drought-Resistant Bao”, the decrease of soil water content in the same layer was as follows: control group > experimental group;the application of “Gengnong Drought-Resistant Bao” could effectively reduce soil bulk density and improve soil pore structure;when the application rate was 31.5 kg/hm^2, it was beneficial to the accumulation of potato aboveground parts;when the application rate was 22.5 kg/hm^2, the photosynthetic efficiency of plants was the highest;when the application rate was 27 kg/hm^2;the leaf proline content was the lowest;the yield and quality of potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of the application rate of “Gengnong Drought-Resistant Bao”. When the application rate was 27 kg/hm^2, the yield and starch content were the highest, which were 13.2% and 52.26% higher than those of the control group, respectively. Considering comprehensively, 27 kg/hm^2 of “Gengnong Drought-Resistant Bao” was the most beneficial to the accumulation of potato yield and the development of water-saving benefits.