清乾隆朝改划盐区探析

Analysis on the Rezone the Salt Areas in Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty

清代食盐实行国家专卖制度,各个盐区划界行销,禁止越界贩卖。由于盐区最初的不合理划分,众多边缘地区官盐价格昂贵,百姓食盐不便,私盐趁机侵入,以致官盐壅积难销。为了解决此问题,乾隆帝决定改划盐区,但旋而以失败告终。究其原因,乃是两淮盐区赋税最多,税课最重,商人报效,借地势以缉私和盐区机构复杂五方面因素共同造成的。尽管乾隆改划盐区失败了,但却进一步巩固了两淮盐区的中心地位。

The salt was implemented the national monopoly system in the Qing Dynasty,and each salt area was delineated to sell specific salt.Due to the unreasonable division of the initial salt area,the price of the government salt in many marginal areas was high,the people were not convenient to buy salt and the intrusion of illegal salt,resulting in the government salt was difficult to sell.In order to solve this problem, Emperor Qianlong decided to rezone the salt areas,but it quickly ended in failure.The reason consisted of five intricate factors that the salt area of LiangHuai taxes was heavy,most assessment,the merchants served the results,then used the terrain to smuggle and the complexities of the salt district institutions.Although Emperor Qianlong failed to rezone the salt areas,it further consolidated the core status of the salt area of LiangHuai.