基于路网结构参数的城市街区路网布局模式探讨

Study on the Layout Pattern of Road Networks in City Blocks Based on Road Network Structure Parameters

目前国内外城市街区形态种类繁多,发展模式各不相同。本文总结了城市街区路网的演变类型及特征,深入探索街区路网布局模式的规律,利用路网结构参数(T型结点、X型结点、尽端路、封闭地块)对路网布局模式进行数理分析并辅以实例验证。结果表明街区路网布局模式可分为单一布局(线型、网格型、放射型、支流型)、混合布局和混乱布局,并可通过结构参数范围判定街区路网所属类型。若T型结点占比≥80%,封闭地块占比≈50%,街区路网属于线型布局;若封闭地块占比≈100%,街区路网属于网格型布局;若X型结点≤10%,封闭地块占比[60%,80%],街区路网属于放射型布局;若尽端路占比≥75%,街区路网属于支流型布局。

Currently, a wide variety of urban neighborhoods exist in China and abroad. As a result, the development models are different. This study summarizes the types and characteristics of road network evolution in urban neighborhoods by closely examining the rules of street network layout patterns. Specifically, this study utilizes road network structural parameters, including the T-junction, X-junction, end-to-side road, and closed block, to conduct a mathematical analysis of street patterns. Analytical results are verified through a study of example road network layout patterns. The results show that road network patterns can be divided into three types of layouts: single (line, grid, radial, and tributary), mixed, and chaotic. In addition, the type of street network can be determined by the scope of the structural parameters. If the proportion of the T-junction is ≥ 80% and the closed block accounts for 50%, the block network has a linear layout. If the closed block accounts for 100%, the block network has a grid-type layout. If the proportion of the X-junction is ≤ 10% and closed plots account for 60 to 80%, the block network in the neighborhood has a radial layout. If the proportion of end-to-side roads is ≥ 75%, the road network in a street network has a tributary layout.