日本竞技体育政策演变的历程、特征与启示

Course,Characteristics and Enlightenment of the Evolution of Japanese Athletic Sports Policy

在加快推进体育强国建设和备战2020年东京奥运会的新时代背景下,探讨日本竞技体育政策演变的历程与特征,对于推动新时期竞技体育发展和奥运备战工作具有现实意义。研究认为不同政策导向下的日本竞技体育跨越了“脱亚入欧”期、快速崛起期、改革转折期、渐进复苏期、全面复兴期五个阶段,贯穿了以军事性、功利性、保守性、振兴性、争先性为中心的政策主导思想。日本竞技体育政策服务于不同时期国家发展战略和国家政治利益需要;打造了“一贯制”优秀竞技体育后备人才选拔、培养与保障体系;构建了科技、信息、医疗、训练、服务等“一体化”运动员援助体系;特定时期缺乏持续性,未处理好与大众体育协调发展的关系。提出拓宽我国竞技体育政策目标,服务于新时代国家利益新诉求;完善奥运备战援助政策,大力提升科技助力、运动员援助、训练参赛等科学化水平;健全适应中国国情的多元化、“一贯制”后备人才培养政策体系;强调政策的延续性和包容性,推动竞技体育持续发展和带动社会共同发展。

In the context of accelerating the development of sports power and preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics,it is of practical significance to explore the course and characteristics of the evolution of Japanese competitive sports policy to promote the development of Chinese competitive sports and prepare for Olympic games.The study believes that Japan's competitive sports with different policy orientations spans five stages:“out of Asia and into Europe”period,rapid rise period,reform transition period,gradual recovery period,and comprehensive revitalization period.It runs through the leading ideas of policy centered on military,utilitarian,conservative,radical,and contending.Japan's competitive sports policy serves the needs of national development strategies and national interests at different times;pay attention to the selection,training and security of outstanding competitive talents;it incorporates multiple elements such as scientific and technological assistance,athlete assistance,and training competitions;the lack of continuity in specific periods has led to ups and downs in competitive sports performance.It is proposed that China's competitive sports policy should conform to the National development strategy of the new era and serve the needs of national interests;we must emphasize preparations for the Olympic Games and vigorously promote scientific and technological support,athletes 'assistance,and training.It is necessary to highlight the training and security system of competitive talents adapted to Chinese conditions;we should maintain policy continuity,promote the sustained development of competitive sports and promote the common development of society.