维生素预混合饲料加速稳定性试验及微胶囊包被效果评价

Accelerated Stability Test for Vitamin Premix and Evaluation of Micro-Encapsulation on Vitamins Stability

本试验旨在研究饲料行业常用的粉状和微胶囊状维生素预混合饲料在加速试验条件下的稳定性,为高温高湿条件下维生素预混合饲料的精准化使用提供参数,并评价微胶囊化处理对维生素稳定性的效果。将维生素预混合饲料制成2种剂型,即常见的粉状(粉状组)和微胶囊状(微囊组)。将粉状组和微囊组维生素预混合饲料样品储存在(40±2)℃、(75±5)%相对湿度(RH)的恒温恒湿箱内,分别在第0(初始)、30、60、90和180天取出,检测维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素K3、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、烟酸和泛酸的含量,计算不同储存时间后各个维生素的存留率。结果显示:1)随着储存时间的延长,粉状组和微囊组中维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素K3、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、烟酸和泛酸的存留率均呈现不同程度的下降,但粉状组中维生素D3的存留率和微囊组中维生素E的存留率在不同储存时间下没有显著差异(P>0.05)。2)在各个储存时间时,维生素A和维生素B1的存留率均表现为粉状组极显著大于微囊组(P<0.01);在储存60、90和180d时,粉状组中维生素K3和维生素B6的存留率极显著大于微囊组(P<0.01);在储存90d时,粉状组中泛酸的存留率显著大于微囊组(P<0.05);在储存60和90d时,微囊组中维生素D3的存留率显著或极显著大于粉状组(P<0.05或P<0.01);在储存180d时,微囊组中维生素E的存留率显著大于粉状组(P<0.05);在储存60d时,微囊组中烟酸的存留率显著大于粉状组(P<0.05);在各个储存时间时,粉状组和微囊组中维生素B2的存留率无显著差异(P>0.05)。此外,本试验还给出了2种制剂的维生素预混合饲料中维生素存留率随储存时间变化的回归方程。由此可见,在高温高湿条件下,随着储存时间延长,维生素预混合饲料中多种维生素的含量显著降低,在精准动物营养与饲养中需要予以考虑;微囊化处理对高温高湿储存情况下不同维生素存留率的影响没有一致性规律,需要开展针对性的包被处理和稳定化工艺研究。

This experiment was conducted to study the stability of powdered and micro-encapsulated vitamin premix in feed industry under accelerated conditions,to provide parameters for the precise use of vitamin premix in high temperature and high humidity,and evaluate the micro-encapsulation on vitamin stability.Vitamin premix was prepared into two dosage forms,commonly used powdered vitamin premix (powdered group) and micro-encapsulated vitamin premix (micro-encapsulated group).Vitamin premix samples in two groups were stored in a constant temperature humidity chamber under the conditions of (40±2)℃ and (75±5)% relative humidity (RH).The contents of vitamin A,vitamin D 3,vitamin E,vitamin K 3,vitamin B 1,vitamin B 2,vitamin B 6,niacin and pantothenic acid were determined after the 0th (initial),30th,60th,90th and 180th day,and the retention rates of them were calculated.The results showed as follows: 1) with the prolonged storage time,the retention rates of vitamin A,vitamin D 3,vitamin E,vitamin K 3,vitamin B 1,vitamin B 2,vitamin B 6,niacin and pantothenic acid in both groups showed different degrees of decrease,while the vitamin D 3 retention rate in powdered group and the vitamin E retention rate in micro-encapsulated group did not change significantly during storage ( P >0.05).2) At each storage time,the retention rates of vitamin A and vitamin B 1 in powdered group were significantly higher than those in micro-encapsulated group ( P <0.01);the retention rates of vitamin K 3 and vitamin B 6 in powdered group were significantly higher than those in micro-encapsulated group at 60,90 and 180 days ( P <0.01);the pantothenic acid retention rate in powdered group was significantly higher than that in micro-encapsulated group at 90 days ( P <0.05);the retention rate of vitamin D 3 in micro-encapsulated group was significantly higher than that in powdered group at 60 and 90 days ( P < 0.05 or P <0.01);the retention rate of vitamin E in micro-encapsulated group was significantly higher than that in powdered group at 180 days ( P <0.05);the retention rate of niacin in micro-encapsulated group was significantly higher than that in powdered group at 60 days ( P <0.05);there was no significant difference in the retention rate of vitamin B 2 in both groups at each sampling time ( P >0.05).And,the regression equations of retention rates of vitamins in powdered and micro-encapsulated groups during storage period were provided.In conclusion,under high temperature and high humidity conditions,with the prolonged storage time,most of vitamins content in the vitamin premix are significantly reduced,which needs to be considered in the precision animal nutrition and feeding;no consistent effect is found on retention rates of vitamins in micro-encapsulated treatment under high temperature and high humidity storage conditions,and it is necessary to carry out more specific coating treatment and stabilization process research.