政策边缘人:理解基层政策执行难的一个视角——以精准扶贫中的“争贫”为例

Policy Marginality:A Perspective to Understand the Difficulty in Implementing Grassroots Policies——Taking “Zheng-Pin” in Targeted Poverty Alleviation as an Example

当公共政策只针对部分社会群体的时候,靠近政策分界线但又没有享受到政策利益的群体就会成为政策边缘人,政策边缘人属于利益外群体,但其结构性位置却又让其最接近分享政策利益,属于潜在受益者.在社会分化和竞争的背景下,政策边缘人与其他条件差不多的群体对比会产生相对剥夺感.政策边缘人会认为享有政策利益本应是他们的权利,于是他们基于维权的想法会通过各种方式谋取政策利益,在此过程中就会影响到基层公共政策的执行.因此,建议通过提高基层治理的法治化、科学化、精细化水平和组织化程度等方式减少政策边缘人对政策执行和基层治理带来的消极影响.

When public policy is only targeted at some social groups,the groups close to the policy boundary line but unable to enjoy the policy benefits become “policy marginalists”.Policy marginalists,though excluded from the interests groups,become potential beneficiaries due to their closest structural position to the policy boundary line.In the context of social differentiation and competition,policy marginalists tend to feel deprived when compared with other groups in the similar position.Regarding the deprived right as their deserved right,policy marginalists are prone to seek benefits brought by policies in various ways,which will affect the implementation of grassroots public policies.Therefore,it is suggested to reduce the negative impact of policy marginalists on policy implementation and grassroots governance by strengthening legalization,enhancing scientificization,and elevating levels of refinement and organization.