大数据背景下我国电子数据的附带搜查问题研究——以美国法上的判例为参照

Research on Search-Incident-to-Arrest Rules of Electronic Data under the Background of Big Data——Take the Precedent in the US Law as a Reference

电子数据的特点决定了电子数据附带搜查在规范适用与权利保障上的二步式特征。美国联邦最高法院在附带搜查的判例上也经历了有形物的附带搜查与电子数据附带搜查两个阶段,并最终承认了电子数据的独立法益地位,禁止对电子数据的附带搜查。我国刑事诉讼法附带搜查条款存在着混淆附带搜查与紧急搜查、规范密度不足、电子数据无证检视的宽泛授权以及行政附带检查与刑事附带搜查并立的问题,应当在承认电子数据具有宪法隐私权属性的基础上,限制对电子设备与电子数据的附带搜查,并禁止行政附带检查中的电子数据无证检视行为。

The characteristics of electronic data determine the two-step characteristics of electronic data incidental search in the application of norms and protection of rights.The Supreme Court of? United States has also gone through two stages of incidental search of tangible objects and incidental search of electronic data,which finally recognized the independent legal interest status of electronic data and prohibited incidental search of electronic data.The incidental search clauses in China's Criminal Procedure Law has the problems including confuse incidental search with emergency search,lack of standardized density,broading authorization of electronic data inspection without certificate,and the co-existence of administrative incidental search with criminal incidental search.On the basis of recognizing the constitutional privacy of electronic data,Search-Incident-to-Arrest procedure should restrict the incidental search of electronic equipment and electronic data,and prohibit the undocumented inspection of electronic data in administrative incidental inspection.