法院附设调解改革的微观比较分析

A Micro-Comparative Analysis of Court-Connected Mediation

我国法院附设调解因特邀调解的系统化应用、法院和调解联合组织的合作,以及律师调解的试点运作呈现新的改革方向。通过与美国纽约州法院附设调解改革的微观比较分析,中美两国改革呈现相同途径:从法院内外同时入手,外部加强与民间调解组织的合作,内部欢迎特邀调解员的加盟。我国法院附设调解的运作,呈现为人海战术的效果,总量虽不输于美国,但人均量比较低,因此应精简人民调解员、提高调解效率;免费调解原则的实施限制调解的发展动力,阻碍调解的市场化运作,故应逐渐实现调解收费的部分开放;现代调解的发展不应是法院孤军奋战,而应注重律师和法学院在调解发展中的合力。

The reform of court-connected mediation in China presents new directions due to the systematic application of specially-invited mediation,the cooperation of courts and mediation unified organizations,and the pilot project of lawyer-mediator.Through micro-comparison with the Court-Connected Mediation in New York StateCourts,the reforms in China and USA both present the same way:operating from the inside and outside of the court,externally the courts strengthen the cooperation with civil mediation organizations and internally welcoming the participation of invited mediators.The operation of the court-connected mediation in Chinese courts is showed more than a huge-crowd strategy.Although Chinese courts don’t lose to American courts on the total amount of mediation,but the per capita amount is relatively low in Chinese courts.Therefore,it is necessary to reduce the mediators and improve their efficiency.The implementation of the principle of free mediation restricts the development of mediation and hinders the market-oriented operation of mediation.Therefore,it should gradually realize the partial opening of mediation fees.The development of modern mediation should not be a single battle for the court;it needs also the joint efforts of lawyers and law schools.