产业扶贫典型模式的比较研究——基于云南深度贫困地区产业扶贫的实践

Comparative Study on Typical Models of Industrial Poverty Alleviation Base on the Practice in Deep Poverty-stricken Areas of Yunnan Province

龙头企业、专业合作社、能人、基层党组织等不同主体的组合是当前产业扶贫中典型的模式。文章通过构建一个包含资金使用效率、利益联结机制、项目瞄准等维度在内的研究比较框架,基于云南省产业扶贫的实践,对比几种典型模式的扶贫绩效。研究表明能人+合作社型资金使用效率最高;本地投资主体比外地投资主体的扶贫绩效更加稳定和均衡;资源禀赋型扶贫项目比市场需求型整体扶贫绩效更好。因此,基层政府要根据自身比较优势、产业基础、人力资本等客观情况选择优势互补的组合模式以提升产业扶贫绩效。深度贫困地区产业培育与发展的关键是发挥基层组织动员及桥梁作用,重在塑造村两委主要人员的职业经理人意识。

The combination of leading enterprises,professional cooperatives,competent,and grass-roots party organizations is a typical model in the current industrial poverty alleviation.Based on the practice of industrial poverty alleviation in Yunnan Province,this paper compares the performance of several typical models of poverty alleviation through the construction of a comparative framework including the efficiency of fund use,interest linkage mechanism,project targeting and other dimensions.The research shows that the use efficiency of the “capable person + cooperative” type fund is the highest;the poverty alleviation performance of local investors is more stable and balanced than that of foreign investors;and the poverty alleviation performance of resource endowment type poverty alleviation project is better than that of market demand type overall poverty alleviation project.Therefore,the grass-roots government should choose the combination mode of complementary advantages according to its own comparative advantages and objective conditions to improve the performance of industrial poverty alleviation.The key to industrial cultivation and development in deep poverty-stricken areas is to play the role of mobilization and bridge of grass-roots organizations,focusing on shaping the professional managers’ awareness of the main personnel of the “two village committees ”.