大数据视野下公众环境信息监督权的规范构造

The Normative Construction of Public Environmental Information Supervision Right under the Perspective of Big Data

在大数据与信息化时代下,随着技术发展与国家治理现代化进程的逐步推进,许多新型权利应运而生。公众环境信息监督权即为一项新兴的民主权利。公众环境信息监督权是指公众所享有的获取政府、企业等基本环境信息,并有权参与环境信息决策,监督政府、企业等正当使用环境信息的公共权利。构建完整的公众环境信息监督权制度体系有助于保护生态系统,达到有效防治环境污染的目的。从文明发展维度来看,其法律构造是绿色生态文明建设的内在要求;从实证维度来看,是现代化企业绿色发展的基本要求;从法理维度来看,有助于填补环境信息权与公众监督权之间的空缺;从政理维度来看,有利于维护公众参与环境保护中的合法权益。本文拟以相关监督理论为法理基础,从公众环境信息监督权的法律释义出发,探讨其规范构造的法理依据,分析其规范构造的现实困境,提出其规范构造的对策建议。

In the era of big data and information, with the gradual advancement of technological development and the modernization of state governance, many new types of rights have emerged. The right to supervise public environmental information is an emerging democratic right. The public environmental information supervision right refers to the public power to get the public’s access to basic environmental information of government and enterprises, the right to participate in its environmental information decision-making and to supervise the legitimate use of environmental information by the government, enterprises. Constructing a complete public environmental information supervision system will help protect the ecosystem and achieve effective prevention and control of environmental pollution. From the perspective of the development of civilization, its legal structure is the inherent requirement of the construction of green ecological civilization;from the perspective of empirical dimension, it is the basic requirement for the green development of modern enterprises;from the perspective of jurisprudence, it helps to fill the gaps between environmental information right and public supervision. From the perspective of political dimensions, it is conducive to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the public in environmental protection. This paper intends to use the relevant supervision theory as the legal basis, from the legal interpretation of the public environmental information supervision right, to analyze the practical problems of its legal structure, and then propose a perfect path.