区块链跨链技术进展研究

Research on the Progress in Cross-chain Technology of Blockchains

随着区块链技术的发展,各种具有不同特点、适用于不同应用场景的区块链如比特币、以太坊等公有链以及私有链、联盟链大量共存.由于区块链的相互独立性,现存各区块链之间的数据通信、价值转移仍面临挑战,价值孤岛现象逐渐显现.区块链的跨链技术是区块链实现互联互通、提升可扩展性的重要技术手段.对跨链技术领域的成果进行了系统总结:首先,分析了跨链技术的需求及面临的技术难点;其次,总结了正在发展的跨链技术,并介绍了 24 种主流跨链技术的原理与实现思路;然后,综合分析了跨链技术存在的安全性风险,并列举了 12 项主要问题;最后,总结探讨了跨链技术的未来发展趋势.

With the development of blockchain technology, various blockchains with different characteristics and applications such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, other public chains, as well as private and consortium chains coexist in large numbers. Due to the independence of blockchains, the data communication and value transfer between existing blockchains are still facing challenges, and the problem of value isolation gradually emerges. The cross-chain technology is an important technical means for blockchains to realize interoperability and enhance scalability. This article systematically summarizes the achievements in the cross-chain technology field. Firstly, the requirements of cross-chain technologies and the technical difficulties they face are analyzed. Secondly, the cross-chain technologies those are under development are summarized and the mechanisms and implementations of 24 mainstream cross-chain technologies are introduced. Then, the security risks of cross-chain technology are analyzed, and 12 major issues are listed. Finally, the trend of future development of cross-chain technology is summarized and discussed.