跨行政区划法院及其构建模式和设计路径——以司法资源的优化配置为视角

The Establishment and Design of the Cross-Administrative Division Courts——From the Perspective of Optimization of the Allocation of Judicial Resources

设立跨行政区划法院的作用是去司法地方化、行政化,并推动司法资源的合理配置。现行法院设置受制于行政区划的机械分布,缺乏对人口数量、经济状况、案件数量等因素的综合考虑。在参照国内外跨区划法院的基础上,分析价值定位,结合中国法治环境和文化传统,提出在基层法院和中级法院设立跨行政区划法院的构建设想。在现有四级两审终审制的司法体制下,参考员额法官数量分配时经济总量、地域面积、人口数量和案件总量等依据,对现有基层法院和中级法院进行撤并,同时保留现有各省高级法院,以最高法院巡回法庭模式解决跨省影响重大的案件管辖问题。最后,对跨行政区划法院的组织体系、管辖范围、人财物管理等提出具体设置路径。

The role of establishing cross-administrative division courts is to eliminate the localization and administration of judiciary and to promote the rational allocation of judicial resources. The set of current court system is subject to the mechanical distribution of administrative divisions and lacks the comprehensive consideration of population, economy, and caseload. This paper analyzes the value orientation with the reference of the domestic and international cross-administrative division courts, and proposes the assumption of construction of cross-administrative division courts in grass-roots courts and intermediate courts by combining the rule of law environment and cultural traditions in China. In the existing judicial system with four-level and two-trial final review, the assumption suggests that existing grass-roots courts and intermediate courts are withdrawn and merged on the basis of the economic aggregate, geographical area, population and total number of cases which are referred when allocating the quota of judges. At the same time, by using the Supreme Court Circuit model to solve the jurisdiction of the significant cross-province cases, the high courts of each province should be retained. Finally, the concrete setting route is proposed for the organization system, jurisdiction, and the management of personnel, property and facilities of the cross-administrative division courts.