国际法主体视角下的历史性权利构成要件

An Analysis of the Elements of Historical Rights

南海仲裁案引发了学界对于历史性权利的探讨,理论上仍有待研究与丰满之处。从历史性权利的定性为切入点,确定历史性权利的国际习惯属性。进而从国际习惯的物理和心理两个构成要素进行分析,主要分析这两个要素下的主体问题。随着国际法的发展,越来越多的个人行为,可以视为国际法主体的行为。物理要素的主体问题主要探讨民间的实践是否有效,如何将民间实践归于国家实践。物理要素主要针对当今国际法历史性权利中的误区,片面追求一国在某一区域活动的时间可溯及几千几百年以前,但却忽略了实践主体的适格性,并提出主体应适格化。心理要素的主体问题主要探讨,法律确信的主体是仅需要的利害关系国的容忍,还是需要世界各国的普遍认可。针对该心理要素问题,提出了逐渐用条约取代历史性权利的一种进路,为解决同类案件提供参考。

The South China Sea arbitration case has triggered academic community to explore historical rights. In theory, there is still room for research and fullness. This paper takes the definition of historical rights as the entry point and determines the international customary attributing of historical rights. Furthermore, it analyzes the two components of physical and psychological aspects of international custom, and mainly analyzes the subjective issues under these two elements. With the development of international law, more individual behaviors can be regarded as the behavior of the main body of international law. The main problem of physical elements mainly discusses whether the practice of the people is effective and how to put the folk practice into the state practice. The physical elements are mainly aimed at the misunderstandings in the historical rights of international law. The unilateral pursuit of a country's activities in a certain region can be traced back to thousands of years, but it ignores the eligibility of the subject of practice and proposes corresponding The main body of the text is recommended. The main subject of psychological factors is mainly discussed. The subject of opinion juris is the tolerance of the interested countries, or the universal recognition of the countries of the world. Aiming at the problem of psychological factors, this paper proposes a way to gradually replace historical rights with treaties, and provides reference for solving similar cases.