高原核桃采穗圃营建技术试验

Construction technique test of walnut cutting nursery on plateau area

为满足核桃良种推广需求,解决高原地区穗条成熟时间晚于嫁接时间的供需矛盾,以辽宁1号核桃良种建立采穗圃,研究了采穗母株截顶定干、短截促萌和肥水管理对穗条促成的影响。结果表明:采穗母树定植后截顶定干,萌芽率和成枝率分别可达83.45%和85.14%。第二年春季萌动时对主枝进行留桩15 cm短截,可作接穗枝的长度和比率分别达54.47 cm和89.43%。采穗前追施复合肥和氮肥2~3次以上,枝条长度可达121.67 cm,粗度达1.21 cm,可作接穗枝的长度达77.40 cm,每公顷产量达12 510条,穗条促成效果明显。对采穗圃中采穗母株产穗能力和穗条质量进行比较,明确了高原核桃采穗圃穗条促成条件。

In order to meet the demand for the fine breed promotion of walnut varieties,and to solve the contradiction between cuttings maturity and grafting time on the plateau area,a cutting nursery of Juglans regia cv. Liaoning No.1 was established. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of the top pruning of the mother plant,the branch top pruning,and fertilizer and water management on the promotion of walnut scions. The results showed that the budding rate and the branching rate were 83.45 % and 85.14 %,respectively. In the spring of the second year,the main branch was kept 15 cm long after cutting and pruning,and the length and ratio of the available cutting rate were 54.47 cm and 89.43 %,respectively. Before harvesting,the compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer were applied for 2-3 times,and the length of the branches was 121.67 cm and the thickness was1.21 cm. The length of the available cutting was 77.40 cm,and the yield per hectare was 12 510. The effect of the promotion of walnut scions was obvious. The cutting production ability and the quality of the cuttings were analyzed and compared,the conditions for the promotion of walnut scions in the plateau were determined.