2004—2018年青海省乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B from 2004 to 2018 in Qinghai Province

目的 了解青海省2004—2018年乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行病学特征,为乙肝防治工作提供科学依据。方法 对青海省15年间乙肝监测数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 15年来青海省共报告乙肝患者201931例,年平均报告发病率239.71/10万,总体呈下降趋势。2004—2018年西宁市乙肝报告病例98218例,占48.64%;果洛藏族自治州最低,乙肝报告病例6766例,仅占3.35%。玉树藏族自治州乙肝报告发病率最高332.89/10万,海东市最低133.43/10万,不同地区乙肝报告发病率有统计学意义(χ^2=21997.32,P<0.05)。报告病例主要分布在25~55岁人群中,50~<55岁组发病率最高为454.99/10万,0~<5岁组发病率最低为23.69/10万;男、女性别比为1.57∶1。报告病例职业分布以农、牧民为主,占47.19%。结论 青海省经过多年的计划免疫的实施,乙肝防控效果明显,2009年以后乙肝报告病例呈现平稳状况。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B from 2004 to 2018 in Qinghai Province, and to provide a scientific basis in prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on hepatitis B surveillance data in the past 15 years. Results A total of 201 931 cases of hepatitis B were reported in Qinghai Province, with an average annual incidence of 239.71/10 5 , showing a downward trend. There were 98 218 hepatitis B cases reported accounted for 48.64% in total cases in Xining City, and the lowest incidence was with 6 766 cases accounted for 3.35% in total cases in Haidong City. The highest incidence for hepatitis B was 332.89/10 5 in Yushu Prefecture and the lowest one was 133.43/10 5 in Haidong City.The incidence of hepatitis B in different areas had a statistical difference (χ^ 2 = 21 997.32, P <0.05).The reported cases were mainly distributed among people aged 25-55 years, and the highest incidence was in the 50-<55 age group, with 454.99/10 5 . The lowest incidence was in 0-<5 age group with 23.69/10 5 .The ratio of male to female was 1.57∶1. The occupational distribution for cases was mainly farmers and herdsmen, accounting for 47.19%. Conclusion After implementation of planned immunization, the incidence for hepatitis B showed a reducing tendency from 2009 in Qinghai Province.