H5N1亚型禽流感病毒进化的研究进展

Evolution on avian influenza virus H5N1 subtype

由H5N1流感病毒引起的高致病性禽流感,在禽类之间广泛传播。当人类接触这些禽类时,可能会被感染并产生严重的呼吸道症状,且死亡率高达60%。血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)是H5N1病毒中和抗体的主要抗原,为了便于对病毒的HA突变进行研究,根据HA遗传基因的差异远近,所有的H5病毒株都被划分在20个分支内。对于H5N1病毒进化的研究在禽流感疫苗的研制、禽流感大流行的预防等方面均具有重要意义。现对禽流感、H5N1病毒特征、血凝素的结构功能、H5N1病毒的分支以及病毒进化的研究进行概述。

Highly pathogenic influenza virus subtypes A(H5N1) are routinely circulating in avian. Humans can also be infected and be manifested with severe respiratory symptoms when directily exposing to sick or dead poultry and wild birds. At the same time, the mortality reaches to as high as 60%. Hemagglutinin(HA) is a principal antigen in relation to neutralizing antibodies and there are 20 clades identified according to the criteria of nucleotide sequence distances among HA genes on viral strains. The investigation on HA variation makes a great significance to the development of avian influenza vaccine and the prevention of avian influenza pandemic. In this review, the recent progress was discussed on the avian influenza, A(H5N1) virus’ characteristics, the structure and function of HA,H5 virus clades and the virus biological evolution.