最小化集装箱运输成本的配载优化

Study on Stowage Optimization in Minimum Container Transportation Cost

随着长江沿岸港口集装箱运输的快速发展,配载计划的制定已成为制约集装箱运输发展的一个主要因素。以航行中最小化的翻箱费用和堆栈使用费用为优化目标,在船舶安全航行的前提下,以船舶装载稳定性作为约束条件建立混合整数规划模型。通过CPLEX、遗传算法和贪婪算法对长江沿岸中小型集装箱船舶配载进行实验对比分析,结果证明了所提模型的有效性。同时,应用两种算法对大规模集装箱配载情形进行对比求解,通过仿真实验证明了遗传算法的高效性,与实际运输经验操作相比,其将运输成本平均降低了24.73%。这说明本文所提出的模型对于降低航线运输成本和制定长江沿岸港口配载计划具有一定的指导意义。

With the rapid development of container transportation along the Yangtze River,the stowage planning has become an important issue in the development of container transportation.Aiming at the minimum shifting cost and stack usage cost during the voyage,this paper established a mixed integer programming model that considers the ship safety and loading stability constraints.Then CPLEX,genetic algorithm and greedy algorithm were designed to analyze the stowage planning of small and medium sized container ships along the Yangtze River,and the validity of the proposed model was proved.Besides,the two proposed algorithms were applied to solve the large-scale container loading problem,and both of them can quickly get reasonable solutions.Compared with the industry experience,the experiments prove that the proposed model can reduce 24.73%on average for the transportation cost of the route and is of certain guiding significance to the container transportation along the Yangtze River.