儿科外治疗法的思考及建议

The Thoughts and Suggestions on the External Treatment of Pediatrics

儿童外治疗法源远流长,其源起大约是在距今五千年前或更早一些,早在《五十二病方》《颅囟经》就有论述,发展到现在更是增添了不少的光辉。外治疗法是使用药物、手法、器械、光、电、声、磁等介质,作用于机体表面或腔道,不经传统消化道的吸收,用来治疗疾病或预防保健,达到健康长寿的一种治疗方法。有推拿按摩、针灸疗法、点刺疗法、拔罐疗法、穴位贴敷疗法等。外治疗法的西医可能机制:药物经过皮肤的吸收;药物或刺激作用于疾病靶点;物理因子刺激并调节神经、体液、内分泌继而调节机体。中医可能机制:整体观念的指导;皮部理论的指导;穴位、经络的作用靶点;调整全身的气血。儿童外治疗法具备5大特点:不用吃药,不用打针,依从性良好。简单、方便、灵验、廉价。(简便效廉)使用简便,易于掌握,既可单独外用,亦可结合内治法配合应用。外治特色,容易被病人记住,容易传播。不良反应小,相对安全。但是外治疗法也存在一些糟粕,甚至存在一些玄学,作为真正的医者,一定要有质疑的精神,要实事求是,一切从患者的利益出发,取其精华,去其糟粕,去“玄”求“道”。

The treatment of children's external treatment has a long history. The origin of the external treatment method is about 5,000 years ago or earlier. As early as in the Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases and Cranial Sutra, it has been added to the present, and it has added a lot of brilliance. Conceptually, external treatment is the use of drugs, techniques, instruments, light, electricity, sound, magnetic and other media, acting on the surface or cavity of the body, without the absorption of traditional digestive tract, used to treat diseases or preventive health care, a treatment that achieves longevity. There are massage, acupuncture, pricking, cupping, and acupressure and so on. The possible mechanisms of external treatment include: absorption of the drug through the skin, drug or stimulation at the target of the disease, physical factors that stimulate and regulate the nerves, body fluids, endocrine and then regulate the body. The possible mechanisms of in Chinese medicine include: guidance of the overall concept, guidance of the theory of the skin, target of acupoints and meridians, adjustment of blood and blood throughout the body. The external treatment method has five major characteristics: no medication, no injection, and good compliance, simple, convenient, effective and cheap. It is easy to use and easy to master. It can be used alone or in combination with internal treatment. Features of external treatment are easy to be remembered by patients, and are easy to spread. The adverse reactions are small and relatively safe. However, there are some ruins in the external treatment. There are even some metaphysical studies. As a true medical practitioner, we must have a spirit of questioning. We must seek truth from facts. Everything starts from the interests of patients, taking its essence, going to its dregs.