19世纪英国城市工业社区的兴起及其影响

The Rise of British Industrial Villages and Its Influence in the 19th Century

19世纪的英国号称“世界工厂”,但这一时期英国工人阶级的居住条件极为恶劣。由于当时政府采取对经济和社会不干预的态度,一些开明企业家开始为其雇佣的工人修建有良好住房且带有教堂、商店和学校等公共建筑的工业社区。工业社区的建设不仅改善了工人阶级的居住条件,留存了维多利亚时期英国的建筑风格,而且成为此后英国以至欧洲城市社区规划的重要范本。

In 19th century Britain was regarded as “the workshop of the world”, but during this period the housing conditions of the working class was extremely bad. As faced the economic and social problems the government stood by, some enlightened entrepreneurs began to build houses, even to construct industrial villages with churches, shops and schools for the working class. The construction of industrial villages improved the living conditions of the working class, preserved the Victorian architectural style, and had become an important model for the urban planning of Britain and other European countries.