不同土壤镉浓度下蔬菜安全性评价（英文）

Safety Evaluation of Vegetables Growing in Soils Contaminated by Different Levels of Cadmium(Cd)

将取自某矿厂附近重金属镉(Cd)污染土壤,与正常耕种层土壤按比例混合,最终获得不同浓度梯度的重金属镉污染土壤。选取湖南地区春秋季节栽种面积较大的黄瓜、豇豆、小白菜、萝卜及莴笋等5大类蔬菜进行池栽试验。结果表明,不同蔬菜种类间重金属镉累积量差异明显,在较高土壤Cd浓度下(1.5mg/kg),黄瓜、豇豆中Cd含量保持在国标安全值以下,可安全种植,且基因型差异较小;小白菜和萝卜在土壤中Cd浓度1.0mg/kg以下时,绝大部分品种均可安全种植,超过此浓度,部分品种中Cd含量增加明显,且随土壤中Cd浓度增加,基因型差异显著,且重金属Cd累积量与土壤中浓度也并非存在正相关性,波动较大,品种种植存在一定风险,需要仔细评估后再决定是否可以在重金属污染土地推广种植;莴笋对Cd累积量较高,在土壤轻度污染时其累积量即超过国家安全限量标准,不推荐在Cd污染地区种植推广。

The tested soils containing different Cd levels were obtained by mixing the normal cultivated soils with the Cd-contaminated soils taken from the paddies near a mine. Five major categories of vegetables, i.e. cucumber, cowpea, Bok choy, radish and lettuce, widely planted in the spring and autumn in Hunan Province, were selected for pool-culture experiments. Results showed that the Cd accumulations varied greatly according to the category of vegetables. The Cd accumulations in cucumber and cowpea growing in soils with high Cd levels (1.5 mg/kg) were within the threshold limits of the national standards, meaning that these two categories are safe to grow in Cd-contaminated soils. For either the cucumber or the cowpea category, there were no significant differences in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes. Most of the tested Bok choy and radish cultivars could grow safely in soils whose Cd levels were below 1.0 mg/kg. In comparison, the Cd accumulations in some cultivars tended to increase sharply as the Cd level in the soil went beyond 1.0 mg/kg. Significant variations were also observed in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes with mounting Cd levels in the soil. Besides, there were no positive correlations between Cd accumulations in plants and Cd levels in soils, indicating large fluctuations and poor ecological stability of Bok choy and radish. Therefore, the planting of Bok choy and radish should be strictly evaluated and controlled in Cdcontaminated regions. The Cd contents of most celtuce cultivars growing in mildlycontaminated soils had already exceeded the threshold limit. Therefore, it is not safe for celtuce to grow in Cd-contaminated environments.