藏文khyim(家)的传统内涵及其现代人类学和社会学的诠释

Analysis of How to Explicate the Tibetan Word “Khyim” within the context of Tibetan Traditional Culture and its Modern Anthropology and Sociological Interpretation

在藏学研究中引用人类学等新兴学科的方法,必须重视核心术语的正确表达。本文特意选择作为人类学核心主题之一的“家庭”,针对藏学界尚未对藏khyim(家)字义做出准确阐释的实际,通过大量文献来揭示khyim字义。认为khyim字最早出现在噶迥寺建寺碑文中;khyim字至少有“束缚或包围”和“圆形”这两层意思;khyim字的同义词khyimtshang和dud tshang产生具有特殊的历史背景。文章最后通过现代人类学和社会学对家庭的定位,有哪些解释模式以及这些模式发生了怎样的变化等问题,阐明了民族对家庭的认识和理解及其它研究的基础。

In order to write about anthropology in Tibet, we must achieve the correct expression of its core terms in the Tibetan language. Therefore, this paper intentionally chooses “family” as one of the core themes of anthropology. So far, there are no systematical explanations offamily which is “Khyim” in Tibetan traditional culture. This article tries to make a comparative analysis of many documents related to this topic to reveal the meaning of this word. The word “Khyim” first appeared in the inscriptions in Karchong temple, andit has at least two meanings “binding or encircling” and “circular”. The synonym of Khyim which are“Khyim tshang”and “dud tshang” has special historical background. Finally, by explaining how modern anthropology and sociology understand family, what explanatory modes exist and how these modes have changed, it clarifies the understanding of family by ethnic groups and the basis of other studies.