摩洛哥柏柏尔问题的缘起与嬗变

The Moroccan Berber Issue: Origin and Evolution

柏柏尔问题是当代摩洛哥政治的重要组成部分,传统柏柏尔社会特征与法国殖民统治是其主要根源。摩洛哥柏柏尔问题的发展经历了三个阶段:1956年摩洛哥独立至20世纪70年代中叶,以柏柏尔精英与中央政府的权力争夺和权力分享为主要特征,不具备现代族裔运动的性质;20世纪70年代中叶至21世纪初,以温和的文化运动为主要形式,运动的主要领导者是城市柏柏尔知识精英,其族裔认同叙事模式为融入型,以柏柏尔语言文化权利为核心诉求;21世纪初至今,摩洛哥柏柏尔问题开始趋向激进化。当代摩洛哥柏柏尔问题的持续发展源于国内政治、经济与社会发展的断裂,仅仅依靠政治调控手段难以从根本上解决这一问题。

The Berber issue has been an important part of Moroccan political life,and its deeprooted cause lies in the traditional Berber social characteristics and French colonial rule. The Moroccan Berber issue has gone through three stages. The first was from Moroccan independence to the mid-1970 s,characterized by the power struggle and power sharing between Berber elite and the central government,which differentiates this issue from a modern ethnic identity movement. From the mid-1970 s to the beginning of the 21 st century,the Moroccan Berber issue expressed as a moderate cultural movement,namely,the main leaders of the movement were the city intellectual elites who had constructed an integrating ethnic identity narrative,with the Berber cultural rights as the core appeal. In the third stage from the beginning of the 21 st century,the Moroccan Berber issue began to evolve radically. The development of the contemporary Moroccan Berber issue stems from the plights of domestic political,economic and social development,so it is difficult to be solved fundamentally by solely political regulations.