含硝酸盐类水溶肥料的安全性研究

Research on the safety of water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrate

为研究含硝酸盐类水溶肥料的安全性,选取了5种硝酸盐类原料,设置了21种两两混配的硝酸盐样品,从获得农业农村部产品登记证的2605个国内外硝酸盐水溶肥料中筛选出20种产品,分别采用固体氧化性试验方法对以上样品进行测试。结果表明:肥料行业中常用的六水合硝酸锌与六水合硝酸镁为非氧化性物质,硝酸钾、硝酸钠和硝酸钙分别为Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类氧化性物质,氧化性顺序为硝酸钾>硝酸钠>硝酸钙;筛选的20种水溶肥料产品中有50%的样品为氧化性物质,表明存在一定的安全风险;建议在今后的产品审批中,对肥料配方中硝酸钾含量超过75%和硝酸钠含量超过85%的水溶肥料产品进行氧化性试验,对达到氧化性物质标准的应在产品备案、包装识别、标签、生产、运输、储存中加大管理力度。

In order to study the safety of water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrate,5 nitrate raw materials were selected,21 mixed nitrate samples were conducted,and 20 samples were screened from 2 605 domestic and international water-soluble fertilizer products,which were all obtained registration certifications from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. After oxidizing solids test,the results showed that:zinc nitrate hexahydrate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate commonly used in fertilizer industry were non-oxidizing substances. Potassium nitrate,sodium nitrate,calcium nitrate were oxidizing substances and the oxidation order was potassium nitrate>sodium nitrate>calcium nitrate. 50% of the 20 water-soluble fertilizer products were oxidizing substances and there was a certain safety risk. It was recommended that in the future oxidizing solids test should be carried out,when potassium nitrate content exceeds 75% and sodium nitrate content exceeds 85% in the formula. Water-soluble fertilizer products containing nitrate meeting oxidation standard should be enforced management in product record,packaging identification,labeling,production,transportation and storage.