牛粪和玉米秸秆混合堆肥好氧发酵菌剂筛选

Screening of aerobic fermentation microbial agents mixed with cow dung and corn straw

为筛选出适合牛粪和秸秆混合物料快速发酵的微生物菌剂,采用槽式堆肥方法,通过设置不接菌种、接种菌剂M1、M2、M3共4个处理,以发酵温度、pH值、发芽指数、有机质、氮、磷、钾等为评价指标,研究菌剂M1、M2、M3对堆肥发酵过程的影响。结果表明:接种菌剂处理达到50℃时间比不接种处理提前4d,高温维持时间延长10~12d,接种菌剂处理堆温在50℃以上时间持续了24d,达到了GB/T7959-2012标准;发酵过程中接种处理的pH值低于对照,pH值呈现下降、上升、下降、平稳的趋势;接种M1、M2处理的油菜发芽指数达到100%;C/N逐渐下降,30d时接种处理由最初的27.75∶1下降到14.47∶1~17.27∶1,而对照仅下降到20.55∶1;堆肥结束时,菌剂处理的有机质、N+P2O5+K2O含量与NY525-2012标准接近,发酵产物适合做生产商品有机肥的原料。综合各项指标,菌剂1和菌剂2的发酵效果优于菌剂3,菌剂1和菌剂2更适合牛粪和秸秆混合物料发酵。

In order to screen out the microbial agents suitable for rapid fermentation of cow dung and corn straw mixture,the fermentation temperature,pH,Germination index,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other index were used as evaluation index to study the effects of bacterial agents M1,M2 and M3 on composting fermentation process using the groove composting method.The results showed that,compared with the control,the period of reaching 50℃ for inoculant treatments was 4 days earlier,the high temperature maintenance time was extended by 10~12 days,and the inoculant treatment reactor temperature lasted for 24 days at 50℃,reaching GB/T 7959-2012 standard.The pH of the inoculation treatment during fermentation was lower than that of the control,and during fermentation,the pH showed a downward,upward,downward and then stable trend.The germination index of rape treated with inoculated M1 and M2 reached 100%.The C/N ratio decreased gradually,the inoculation treatments decreased from 27.75∶1 to 14.47∶1~17.27∶1 after 30 days,while the control only dropped to 20.55∶1.At the end of composting,the organic matter content and the N+P2O5+K2O content of the microbial treatment were close to the NY 525-2012 standard,which showed that the fermentation product is suitable for the production of commercial organic fertilizer.Combined with various indicators,the fermentation effect of M1 and M2 is better than that of M3,and the microbial agent M1 and M2 are more suitable for the fermentation of the cow manure and corn straw mixture.