汉魏六朝五言诗与家族、地域之关系——以对钟嵘《诗品》的统计分析为核心

The Relationship Between Five-character Poems in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and Their Families and Areas:Centered on statistical analysis of Zhong Rong’s Grades of Poetry

中国古代的文学思潮、文学变革往往是由精英士人所引起或完成的。而“学在家族”的六朝社会,精英士人群体大多出生于世家大族,五言诗相较四言诗而言,作为一种题材,它的主要创作者和引领者也多是精英阶层,故而也多出于家族之中。《文选》对于诗人的选诗情况和诗评家对诗人的品评相互参照,是对六朝诗歌价值评判的正确方法。把《诗品》中120多位诗人按同家族的人归类,发现汉魏六朝的五言诗具有典型的家族色彩,这与钟嵘士族出身、熟悉谱牒学有关。进而统计《诗品》中诗人的出生地,发现汉魏西晋之时,诗人的出生地大体以政权为中心向四周辐射;而后东晋南朝,随着侨姓家族的南下而呈现自北向南的发展趋势。

Literary trend, revolution in ancient China are usually caused or completed by elites. While in the Six Dynasties of “studying in families”, elite population usually comes from families. Five-character Poems, as opposed to Four-character Poems, are mainly created and led by elites, so they also are primarily created in families. The author believes that it is a correct way to judge the value of poetry in the Six Dynasties by cross-reference of poem selecting master’s poem selection opinion on the poets and poem critic’s evaluation on the poets. This paper has summarized more than 120 poets in Grades of Poetry and classified people in the same family, finding that the Five-character Poems in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties have typical family characteristic, which is related to the Zhong Rong gentry’s birth and knowledge about genealogy. Then it summarized the birthplaces of poets in Grades of Poetry and found that in the Han, Wei, Western Jin Dynasties, the birthplaces of poets were generally based on the regime to extend to surrounding areas;while in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, as the Qiao family went south, birthplaces showcased a development trend of from north to south.