基于GIS的土地利用/覆被与景观格局变化研究——以重庆市两江新区为例

A GIS-Based Research of the Changes of Land Use/ Land Cover and Landscape Pattern ——A Case Study of Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing

为了解国家级经济开发区土地利用现状和存在的问题,协调建设用地扩张和生态保护之间的关系,以重庆市两江新区为例,基于2009年、2016年的土地利用变更调查数据库,借助ArcGIS10.2平台,共选取17项指数对两江新区的土地利用/覆被和景观格局进行分析.结果表明:2009年-2016年,建设用地面积上升,其占土地总面积比上升15.24%,农用地与未利用地面积下降且逐步向建设用地转化;两江新区景观多样性和均匀度均有所下降,空间异质性程度逐渐降低;耕地、园地、未利用地和交通水利用地空间分布不断地趋向离散化和破碎化,其他农用地和城乡建设用地破碎度大且不断下降;农用地和未利用地的分维数增加,空间分布趋于不规则,建设用地分维数降低,斑块形状趋于单一化和规则化.

In order to understand the present situation of land use in national economic development zones and the existing problems in it and to coordinate the relationship between the expansion of construction land and the protection of cultivated land, a case study was made of Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing, in which 17 descriptive indexes were selected to analyze the land use/land cover and landscape pattern of the area based on the database of land use change between 2009 and 2016 and using ArcGIS 10.2 technology as a platform. The results showed that from 2009 to 2016 the area of construction land increased, with a growth of 15.24% in the ratio of construction land area to total land area, and the area of agricultural land and unused land decreased and they were gradually converted into construction land. Both diversity and evenness of the landscape of Liangjiang New Area decreased, and its spatial heterogeneity also decreased. The spatial distribution of cultivated land, garden land, unused land and traffic and water conservancy land tended to be more discretized and fragmentized;and the fragmentation of other agricultural land and the urban and rural building land were big, and both landscapes decreased gradually. The fractal dimension of the agricultural land and unused land increased, and their spatial distribution tended to be irregularized, while that of the construction land decreased and the shape of its patches tended to be simplified and regularized.