湖南乡村振兴实证研究

An Empirical Study on Rural Revitalization in Hunan Province

在全面贯彻落实乡村振兴战略之际,研究制定一套乡村振兴评价指标体系,对于各地诊断乡村发展问题、监测乡村振兴进程、完善乡村振兴政策具有指导意义。从农业多功能视角构建了包括5个一级指标与25个二级指标的乡村振兴评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法评价了2016年湖南14个市州的乡村振兴水平。结果表明:1)湖南乡村振兴水平存在显著的地域差异,长沙最高,达0.915,张家界最低,为0.635;从区域来看,湘北地区最高,然后依次是湘东、湘南、湘中、湘西。2)乡村振兴水平较高的地区,产业兴旺、生态宜居、生活富裕程度普遍较高,其中产业兴旺起着关键作用,但乡村经济发展并不必然带来乡风文明和治理有效。湖南乡村振兴应重点把握以“特”兴农和加快农村一二三产业融合发展、建设生态宜居美丽乡村、以乡村文化建设带动乡风文明建设、推进乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化、提高农村公共服务有效供给和农民收入水平。

On the occasion of the full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the study and formulation of a set of evaluation indicators system for rural revitalization is of guiding significance for diagnosing rural development problems, monitoring the process of rural revitalization, and improving rural revitalization policies. This paper constructs the evaluation index system of rural revitalization including 5 primary indicators and 25 secondary indicators from the perspective of agricultural multifunction, and evaluates the rural revitalization level of 14 cities and counties in Hunan in 2016 by using analytic hierarchy process. The results show that: 1) There are significant regional differences in the level of rural revitalization in Hunan. Changsha has the highest level, reaching 0.915, and Zhangjiajie has the lowest level, which is 0.635;From the regional point of view, the northern part of Hunan is the highest, followed by Xiangdong, Xiangnan, Xiangzhong and Xiangxi. 2) In areas with high levels of rural revitalization, industries are prosperous, ecologically livable, and generally have a high degree of affluence. Among them, industrial prosperity plays a key role, but rural economic development does not necessarily bring about rural civilization and effective governance. Hunan rural revitalization should focus on promoting agriculture with “special” and accelerating the integration and development of rural industries, building ecological and livable beautiful villages, promoting the construction of rural civilization with rural cultural construction, promoting the modernization of rural governance system and governance ability, and improving the effective supply of rural public services and farmers income.