乡村重建中的能动与制约——郝堂“美丽乡村”试点的案例研究

Initiative and Constraint in Rural Reconstruction——A Case Study of Haotang’s “Beautiful Village” Pilot

相较于20世纪70年代末至80年代,当今中国农村又处于一个新的历史拐点。随着乡村振兴战略提出,该建设怎样的乡村及如何建设乡村,成了乡村建设的旨趣所在。河南省郝堂村就是在这一背景下开展“美丽乡村”试点工作的,该试点以“内置金融”为切入点来激发村社内生动力、培育社会组织、促进社区综合发展。就乡村发展范式而言,该试点属于内生/外源混合的综合型发展,即以外部资源注入和城乡要素流动来提升村庄的内生动力与社会经济发展水平。从运行效果看,内生/外源式的综合发展能够在短期内整合资源、优化配置,但从长期看却面临诸多结构性制约:一方面是难以克服路径依赖问题,如精英俘获、依附型发展、系统性风险等;另一方面是乡村治理的创新与突破总要囿于国家宏观治理框架。乡村建设的内外资源联动与乡村治理与国家治理的有效衔接将是下一步制度创新的重点。

Compared with the late 1970s to the 1980s,China’s rural areas are now at a new historical turning point.As the rural revitalization strategy proposed,what kind of village should have been built and how to build beautiful villages became the focus of rural construction.Haotang Village in Henan Province is carrying out the pilot project of“Beautiful Village”under this vision.The pilot uses“Built-In Finance”to provide further impetus of the community,foster social organizations,and promote the comprehensive development of the community.In terms of the rural development paradigm,the pilot is a type of endogenous-exogenous compound,that is,the external resource injection and urban-rural factor flow enhance the village’s endogenous motivation and socioeconomic development level.From the perspective of operational effects,the type of endogenous-exogenous compound can integrate resources and optimize allocation in a short period.However,in the long run,it faces many structural constraints.On the one hand,it is difficult to overcome path-dependence issues,such as elite capture,dependency development,and systematic risk,and so on.On the other hand,the innovation and breakthrough of rural governance is subjected to the national governance framework.In all,the connection of internal and external resource and coordination between rural governance and state governance will be the key point of the next institutional innovation.