调控失范的经济生活——涂尔干《社会主义与圣西门》释义

Regulating the Abnormal Economic Life——Interpretation on the Durkheim's “Socialism and Saint-Simon”

社会主义学说是欧洲近代社会转型的独特思想产物,是19世纪初期集体良知对失范的经济生活的反应。涂尔干对社会主义作为"社会事实"的考察既是"道德科学"研究方法的一个典型案例,同时这项研究也与宗教禁忌、家庭、财产观、契约等诸道德要素的研究一同构成了涂尔干现代社会转型可能性的研究系列。涂尔干试图通过呈现社会主义"最一般、最非个性化、最客观的特征",分析那些促使圣西门等人提出社会主义的道德、政治、经济行为的新原则的社会压力,确诊催生社会主义的集体病症,检讨社会主义方案的利弊得失,为寻求恰当的治疗方法乃至社会的总体重建提供科学依据。

Socialism was a distinctive intellectual product of modern transition of Europe,and the reaction of collective conscience against the anomie of economy.The research on the socialism represented by Saint-Simon is an important component of Durkheim’s research program on“social fact”.He attempted to present the most general,impersonal and objective feature,and analysed the social pressure that urge Saint-Simon to propose new principles for the moral,political and economic actions.Therefore,he could diagnose the collective pathema that stimulated soicalism,rethink its reasonableness and find the equilibrium point between laissez faire and compulsive regulation,in order to provide scientific baisi for the treatment and reconstruction of modern society.